During the Covid-19 pandemic, immigrants are playing critical roles in construction, infrastructure, and related industries that are essential to keeping America running, including in specific fields like utilities, transportation, and affordable housing. Immigrant workers in these industries will also be essential to the economic recovery and rebuilding process in the months and years ahead.
Our analysis of data from the American Community Survey finds that immigrants make up a significant portion of workers in construction, infrastructure, and related industries, with almost 3.2 million immigrants (or one in five workers) in this sector.
Breaking the industries down, there are nearly 2.5 million immigrant workers (roughly a quarter of the total workforce) in the construction industry, and at least one in eight workers in architectural, engineering, and related services, and one in seven workers in clay building material manufacturing are immigrants.
Figure 1: Immigrants in Select Construction and Infrastructure-Related Industries
| Share of All Workers, Foreign-Born | |
| Construction | 24.8% |
| Machinery Repair and Maintenance | 17.8% |
| Clay Building Material Manufacturing | 16.3% |
| Glass Manufacturing | 15.3% |
| Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services | 13.9% |
Source: NAE Analysis of 1-year sample from the 2018 American Community Survey
Several occupations in the sector rely especially heavily on immigrants. More than one-third of construction laborers (686,000 workers), at least 30 percent of carpenters (382,000 workers), and 45 percent of painters and paperhangers (264,000 workers) are immigrants. Immigrants also play essential roles as electrical and electronics engineers in this sector, making up more than one-fourth of that workforce.
Figure 2: Immigrants in Select Construction and Infrastructure-Related Occupations
| Number of Foreign-Born Workers | Share of All Workers, Foreign-Born | |
| Construction Laborers | 686,000 | 37.6% |
| Carpenters | 382,000 | 31.3% |
| Painters and Paperhangers | 264,000 | 45.1% |
| Roofers | 98,000 | 46.3% |
| Electrical and Electronics Engineers | 57,000 | 26.8% |
Source: NAE Analysis of 1-year sample from the 2018 American Community Survey
Many municipalities, including Chicago, Austin, and Minneapolis, recognize that immigrants fill critical workforce needs in construction and infrastructure-related industries and are taking actions to ensure that these immigrant workers can operate in a safe and welcoming environment.
For more information, please check out our research portal of Immigration and Covid-19 with weekly updates. If you have any specific questions about our data, please reach out to us at [email protected].
