Research and Analysis

The Biden Administration and Congress Must Guarantee Legal Representation for People Facing Removal
The Biden administration should take steps immediately upon entering office to expand federally funded legal representation programs for people facing removal. Here's why. Read More

Increase in Indefinite ICE Detention Without Foreseeable Removal Dates During COVID-19 Pandemic
Every year, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) deports tens of thousands of noncitizens who have final orders of removal. These removals require the cooperation of foreign governments in receiving deportation flights, providing travel documents or other verification of citizenship for the… Read More

The Difference Between Asylum and Withholding of Removal
This fact sheet provides an overview of withholding of removal, including the basics of seeking protection in the United States, eligibility requirements, the application process, and data on applicants. Read More

The Impact of COVID-19 on Noncitizens and Across the U.S. Immigration System
This report identifies disruptions throughout the immigration system because of the COVID-19 pandemic and makes recommendations for improvements to the federal government’s response. Read More

The Rules for Immigrants Wanting to Work in the United States on a Permanent Basis
This fact sheet defines the various components of the permanent, employment-based immigration system—and then describes how those components relate to each other in the application processes for each of the five preference categories. Read More

Immigration Detention in the United States by Agency
This fact sheet describes the populations, duration, and conditions for noncitizens detained in the United States by department. Read More

Why Don’t Immigrants Apply for Citizenship?
There is no line available for undocumented immigrants and the “regular channels” do not include them. Read More

Seeking Release from Immigration Detention
This fact sheet gives a brief overview of the process individuals must undergo to seek release from immigration detention. Read More

Immigrants and Families Appear in Court
Comprehensive analyses of the government’s own data show that in the vast majority of situations, immigrants placed into removal proceedings appear for all of their court hearings. Read More

The Institutional Hearing Program: An Overview
The Institutional Hearing Program permits immigration judges to conduct removal proceedings for noncitizens serving criminal sentences in certain correctional facilities. Read More
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